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James, William

"Essays In Radical Empiricism"

For common sense, two
men see the same identical real dog. Philosophy,
noting actual differences in their perceptions,
points out the duality of these latter,
and interpolates something between them as
a more real terminus -- first, organs, viscera,
etc.; next, cells; then, ultimate atoms; lastly,
mind-stuff perhaps. The original sense-termini
of the two men, instead of coalescing with
each other and with the real dog-object, as at
first supposed, are thus help by philosophers to
be separated by invisible realities with which
at most, they are conterminous.
Abolish, now, one of the percipients, and
the interpolation changes into 'extrapolation.'
The sense-terminus of the remaining percipient
is regarded by the philosopher as not quite
reaching reality. He has only carried the procession
of experiences, the philosopher thinks,
200
to a definite, because practical, halting-place
somewhere on the way towards an absolute
truth that lies beyond.
The humanist sees all the time, however,
that there is no absolute transcendency even
about the more absolute realities thus conjectured
or believed in. The viscera and cells
are only possible percepts following upon that
of the outer body.


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