"
I have thought the foregoing sentences worth quoting, as specimens
of the surprising nonsense which has been written on the subject.
`The Physiology or Mechanism of Blushing,' by Dr. Burgess, appeared in 1839,
and to this work I shall frequently refer in my thirteenth Chapter.
In 1862 Dr. Duchenne published two editions, in folio and octavo,
of his `Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine,' in which he analyses
by means of electricity, and illustrates by magnificent photographs,
the movements of the facial muscles. He has generously permitted me
to copy as many of his photographs as I desired. His works have been
spoken lightly of, or quite passed over, by some of his countrymen.
It is possible that Dr. Duchenne may have exaggerated the importance
of the contraction of single muscles in giving expression;
for, owing to the intimate manner in which the muscles are connected,
as may be seen in Henle's anatomical drawings[7]--the best I believe
ever published it is difficult to believe in their separate action.
Nevertheless, it is manifest that Dr. Duchenne clearly apprehended
this and other sources of error, and as it is known that he was
eminently successful in elucidating the physiology of the muscles
of the hand by the aid of electricity, it is probable that he is
generally in the right about the muscles of the face.
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