Facts observed both with man and the lower animals will here be made use of;
but the latter facts are preferable, as less likely to deceive us.
In the fourth and fifth chapters, I will describe the special
expressions of some of the lower animals; and in the succeeding chapters
those of man. Everyone will thus be able to judge for himself,
how far my three principles throw light on the theory of the subject.
It appears to me that so many expressions are thus explained
in a fairly satisfactory manner, that probably all will hereafter
be found to come under the same or closely analogous heads.
I need hardly premise that movements or changes in any part of the body,--
as the wagging of a dog's tail, the drawing back of a horse's ears,
the shrugging of a man's shoulders, or the dilatation of the capillary
vessels of the skin,--may all equally well serve for expression.
The three Principles are as follows.
[1] Mr. Herbert Spencer (`Essays,' Second Series, 1863, p.
138) has drawn a clear distinction between emotions and sensations,
the latter being "generated in our corporeal framework."
He classes as Feelings both emotions and-sensations.
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