I. _The principle of serviceable associated Habits_.--Certain complex
actions are of direct or indirect service under certain states of the mind,
in order to relieve or gratify certain sensations, desires, &c.; and whenever
the same state of mind is induced, however feebly, there is a tendency through
the force of habit and association for the same movements to be performed,
though they may not then be of the least use. Some actions ordinarily
associated through habit with certain states of the mind may be partially
repressed through the will, and in such cases the muscles which are least
under the separate control of the will are the most liable still to act,
causing movements which we recognize as expressive. In certain other cases
the checking of one habitual movement requires other slight movements;
and these are likewise expressive.
II. _The principle of Antithesis_.--Certain states of the mind lead to certain
habitual actions, which are of service, as under our first principle.
Now when a directly opposite state of mind is induced, there is a strong
and involuntary tendency to the performance of movements of a directly
opposite nature, though these are of no use; and such movements are in some
cases highly expressive.
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