The sounds thus made are expressed by words like _uh_ or _ugh_.[28]
It is not, however, obvious why, when we feel cold or express
a sense of horror, we press our bent arms against our bodies,
raise our shoulders, and shudder.
[28] See remarks to this effect by Mr. Wedgwood, in the Introduction to his
`Dictionary of English Etymology,' 2nd edit. 1872, p. xxxvii. He shows
by intermediate forms that the sounds here referred to have probably given
rise to many words, such as _ugly, huge_, &c. _Conclusion_.--I have now
endeavoured to describe the diversified expressions of fear, in its gradations
from mere attention to a start of surprise, into extreme terror and horror.
Some of the signs may be accounted for through the principles of habit,
association, and inheritance,--such as the wide opening of the mouth and eyes,
with upraised eyebrows, so as to see as quickly as possible all around us,
and to hear distinctly whatever sound may reach our ears. For we have
thus habitually prepared ourselves to discover and encounter any danger.
Some of the other signs of fear may likewise be accounted for, at least
in part, through these same principles.
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